People who stop taking GLP-1 medications often experience increased hunger and regain some of the weight they lost, according to a University of Rochester Medicine physician who recommends planning any change with a health care team.
Dr. Susan Gasparino, medical director of clinical and community programs at UR Medicine's Center for Community Health and Prevention, said obesity is a chronic, relapsing disease and medication is often recommended as a long-term treatment.
GLP-1 medications, including Wegovy, Zepbound and Ozempic, can suppress appetite and support weight loss. After treatment stops, the body may produce fewer hormones associated with fullness and more hormones that trigger hunger, Gasparino said.
Large clinical trials have found that many patients regain a significant portion of lost weight after discontinuing the medications, according to UR Medicine. Gasparino said that response reflects biology rather than a lack of willpower.
People stop treatment for several reasons, including side effects, insurance changes or limited results. Gasparino recommends discussing whether to continue treatment, adjust the dose or transition off the medication with a clinician rather than stopping without guidance.
She said patients can prepare by developing sustainable nutrition, exercise, sleep and stress-management habits while they are still taking the medication. Protein, fiber, hydration and balanced meals can help manage hunger and preserve lean muscle mass.
Regular physical activity can also support weight maintenance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week, while research cited by UR Medicine suggests people who maintain weight loss over several years often average closer to 300 minutes of leisure-time activity weekly.
Gasparino said patients should also consider support from physicians, dietitians, exercise professionals and mental health providers. Before stopping a GLP-1, patients should discuss increased hunger, nutrition, exercise and follow-up care with their treatment team.
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