The IRS deadline to claim a tax refund from tax year 2021 has officially passed. Americans had until Saturday, May 17, 2025, to file a 2021 return and collect any unclaimed federal refunds. If you missed the deadline, here’s what it means and what steps you can still take.
What happens to unclaimed 2021 refunds?
Federal law gives taxpayers three years to file a return and claim any refund. After that, the IRS considers the money forfeited. If you didn’t submit a 2021 return by May 17, you can no longer receive any refund you were owed — including withheld wages or refundable credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC).
According to the IRS, more than $1 billion in unclaimed 2021 refunds went unclaimed.
Can you still file a 2021 return?
Yes — while you can no longer receive a refund, you may still need to file a 2021 return to:
- Stay compliant with tax laws
- Claim certain benefits (such as Social Security or financial aid)
- Avoid future IRS issues related to incomplete filings
You can file a past-due return at any time, but you won’t receive a refund or credit for overpayment from 2021.
What if you owe back taxes for 2021?
If you owe the IRS for 2021, penalties and interest continue to add up. In this case, it’s important to:
- File immediately to limit further penalties
- Set up a payment plan with the IRS if needed
- Contact a tax professional if you’re unsure about what you owe
The IRS offers Online Account Access and a Taxpayer Advocate Service to help individuals manage late filings.
What to do next
If you missed the 2021 refund deadline:
- Do not ignore it — file now to get caught up
- Gather your tax documents from 2021 (W-2s, 1099s, etc.)
- Use IRS transcripts or request wage info if you’re missing forms
For current-year refunds, be sure to file your 2024 return before the April 15, 2026 deadline to avoid missing out again.
Looking ahead? Read: States still sending stimulus checks in May 2025
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