New York officials are warning residents to be cautious when buying prescription medications online, pointing to a growing number of fraudulent pharmacies that can expose consumers to counterfeit drugs, identity theft and potentially dangerous substances.
The state Division of Consumer Protection said illicit online pharmacies increasingly use professional-looking websites, fake testimonials and even deepfake celebrity endorsements to appear legitimate. Some sell medications without requiring prescriptions, while others may distribute counterfeit or improperly compounded drugs.
“Access to safe and affordable medications is essential for all New Yorkers,” Secretary of State Walter T. Mosley said. “While online pharmacies can offer convenience, it’s important to be cautious and avoid fraudulent websites that can jeopardize both health and finances.”
Thousands of online pharmacies operate worldwide
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration estimates there are roughly 35,000 active online pharmacy websites worldwide, with many operating outside state or federal laws and professional standards.
New York officials said consumers can face two major risks when using an illicit pharmacy: receiving unsafe medication and having personal information stolen.
Counterfeit or fraudulently compounded drugs may contain the wrong ingredients, excessive impurities, ineffective substances or potentially dangerous compounds.
State officials pointed to a 2024 Drug Enforcement Administration warning about illegal online pharmacies selling counterfeit pills containing fentanyl and methamphetamine to unsuspecting customers.
The FBI issued another warning in 2025 involving fraudulently compounded medications advertised as popular weight-loss drugs. Some products reportedly didn’t contain the claimed medication, contained high impurity levels or included unsafe or unapproved substances.
“Purchasing prescription medication from an illicit online pharmacy is dangerous and can even be deadly,” state Health Commissioner Dr. James McDonald said.
High-demand medications can attract scams
Online pharmacy scams often focus on expensive medications, drugs in high demand or prescriptions that aren’t covered by insurance.
Offers of unusually low prices or easy access can be used to convince consumers to provide personal, financial and medical information through fake storefronts.
New York officials said some illegal sites are created specifically to collect that information for identity theft.
Consumers should be particularly cautious of websites that sell prescription medications without requiring a prescription, advertise prices far below typical costs, don’t provide access to a licensed pharmacist or fail to explain how personal information will be handled.
How New Yorkers can check an online pharmacy
Online pharmacies shipping prescription medications into New York must be registered with the New York Board of Pharmacy.
The Division of Consumer Protection recommends confirming a pharmacy’s license before making a purchase.
Legitimate online pharmacies should also provide a physical address and telephone number in the United States, rather than relying only on an email address or online contact form.
Consumers should have access to a licensed pharmacist who can answer questions, and legitimate pharmacies won’t sell prescription medication without a valid prescription.
State officials also recommend using a credit card because it generally provides greater protection against fraudulent transactions and reviewing the company’s privacy policy before providing sensitive information.
The state advises consumers to consult their physician before beginning any new medication rather than relying solely on an online seller.
Where to report suspicious pharmacies
Consumers who encounter suspected counterfeit, fraudulent or unsafe online drug sales can report them to the FDA’s Internet Pharmacy Task Force.
Complaints involving pharmacists or pharmacies operating in New York can also be filed with the state Office of Professional Discipline or the Department of State’s Division of Consumer Protection.
The state’s Consumer Assistance Helpline is available at 1-800-697-1220 from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, excluding state holidays.
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